C#特性AttributeUsage简介与使用教程

Echo ·
更新时间:2024-05-15
· 252 次阅读

AttributeUsage

预定义特性AttributeUsage描述了如何使用一个自定义特性类。它规定了特性可应用到的项目的类型。

规定该特性的语法如下:

[AttributeUsage(    validon,    AllowMultiple=allowmultiple,    Inherited=inherited )]

validon:自定义特性的对象,可以是类、方法、属性等对象(默认值是 AttributeTargets.All)
AllowMultiple:是否允许被多次使用(默认值为false:单用的)
Inherited:是否可被派生类继承(默认值为false:不能)

下面请看使用:

using System; namespace AttributeUsagePractice { [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)] public class HelpAttribute : Attribute { public HelpAttribute(String Description_in) { this.description = Description_in; } protected String description; public String Description { get { return this.description; } } } class Program { [Help("this is a main class")]  //error public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); // TODO: Implement Functionality Here Console.Write("Press any key to continue . . . "); Console.ReadKey(true); } } } [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]

含义为:定制特性类,不允许多次使用,不能被继承

第一个参数:
因为它的特性目标是 AttributeTargets.Class,而它放在函数前面,所以上面的程序会报错:特性“Help”对此声明类型无效。它只对“class”声明有效,正确的做法是放在 class Program 上面。

如果是下面的代码:

using System; namespace AttributeUsagePractice { [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)] public class HelpAttribute : Attribute { public HelpAttribute(String Description_in) { this.description = Description_in; } protected String description; public String Description { get { return this.description; } } } [Help("this is a main class")] [Help("this is a main2 class")]  //error class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); // TODO: Implement Functionality Here Console.Write("Press any key to continue . . . "); Console.ReadKey(true); } } }

第二个参数:

因为AllowMultiple = false,上面多次使用,所以报错 重复的“Help”特性,正确的做法就是去掉它

using System; using System.Linq; namespace AttributeUsagePractice { [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)] public class HelpAttribute : Attribute { public HelpAttribute(){} public HelpAttribute(String Description_in) { this.description = Description_in; } protected String description; public String Description { get { return this.description; } } } [Help("this is a HelpAttribute use class")] public class UseHelpAttribute { } public class UseHelpAttributeDerive : UseHelpAttribute { } class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { // TODO: Implement Functionality Here UseHelpAttributeDerive objHelpAttribute = new UseHelpAttributeDerive(); Type t = objHelpAttribute.GetType(); object [] objAttrs = t.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(HelpAttribute),true); if(objAttrs!= null && objAttrs.Length > 0) { object temp = objAttrs.First(); HelpAttribute myAttr = temp as HelpAttribute; Console.WriteLine("类描述:{0}", myAttr.Description); } else { Console.WriteLine("没有类描述"); } Console.ReadKey(true); } } }

第三个参数:

因为Inherited = false,所以运行结果为;

如果把Inherited = false 改为 Inherited = true,效果如下:

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